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Free Steel Fabrication Resources

Calculators, design guides, and fabrication references built for structural engineers, architects, and contractors. All tools are free — no login required.

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Free Calculators

Arc Length Calculator

Solve arc length, bend angle, and chord length for structural steel. Supports inside, outside, and centerline radius — four unit systems. Export results as a PDF and send directly to our team for quoting.

Beam RollingAngle RollingTube BendingPlate Rolling

Spiral Stair Calculator

Calculate helix angle, rise-in-12, developed arc lengths, and bend radii for spiral stair stringers. Essential for architects and structural engineers specifying curved stair fabrication.

Spiral BendingArchitectural SteelStair Stringers

Cone Flat Pattern Calculator

Generate the flat pattern sweep angle, inner and outer radii, and arc lengths for truncated cones. Includes an SVG flat pattern preview you can download and send with your quote request.

Plate RollingCone FabricationFlat Pattern Layout

Bending Orientation Guide

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The axis on which a section is bent determines the force required, the minimum achievable radius, and the amount of cross-section distortion. Use this guide when specifying curved steel to make sure your drawings communicate the correct orientation to the fabricator.

Wide Flange Beam (W-Shape)

Also applies to S-shapes and HP piles

Easy Way
Bends in the plane of the web — flanges move up and down. Most common orientation.
Hard Way
Bends in the plane of the flanges — flanges sweep left and right. Requires more force.

Channel (C / MC)

Standard American channel and miscellaneous channel

Easy Way
Web is vertical; bends in the plane of the web. Flanges move up and down.
Hard Way
Web is vertical; bends in the plane of the flanges. Flanges sweep left and right.
Leg In
Channel laid flat; flanges point inward toward the center of the curve.
Leg Out
Channel laid flat; flanges point outward away from the center of the curve.

Angle (L-Shape)

Equal and unequal leg angles

Leg Out
Vertical leg faces outward from the curve. Most common angle orientation.
Leg In
Vertical leg faces inward toward the center of the curve.
Heel Out
Corner (heel) of the angle faces outward. Bends in the plane of both legs.
Heel In
Corner (heel) of the angle faces inward toward the center of the curve.
Heel Up
Angle stands on one leg; heel points upward. Used for curved base rings and flanges.

Rectangular HSS / Tube

Square and rectangular hollow structural sections

Easy Way
Tall face in the plane of bending. Less distortion, easier to achieve tight radii.
Hard Way
Wide face in the plane of bending. More prone to wall distortion at tight radii.

Pipe & Round Bar

Standard, extra-heavy, and double extra-heavy pipe; solid round bar

Any Direction
Symmetric cross-section — no preferred axis. Radius and wall thickness determine feasibility.

Flat Bar

Hot-rolled flat bar and rectangular bar

Easy Way (Flat)
Wide face in the plane of bending. Bar curves like a ring — common for flanges and rings.
Hard Way (On Edge)
Narrow edge in the plane of bending. Bar curves like an arch — used for curved trim and frames.

Plate

Steel, aluminum, and stainless plate

Rolling (Cylinder)
Plate rolled into a cylinder or cone. Bend axis runs parallel to the plate width.
Pro Tip

Always call out the bending orientation explicitly on your drawings — "bend easy way" or "bend hard way" — rather than relying on the view alone. Include the radius as inside, outside, or centerline. Ambiguous specs are the most common cause of fabrication delays. Send us your drawings and we'll confirm feasibility before you finalize.

Design Guides & References

AISC Design Guide 33

Curved Member Design

The AISC Design Guide for curved structural steel members. Covers bending radii, tolerances, material specifications, and connection details for rolled and bent structural shapes. Essential reference for engineers specifying curved steel.

Get it on AISC.org
Fabrication Tips

How to Specify Curved Steel

Always specify whether your radius is inside, outside, or centerline — it changes the fabrication dimension. Include material grade, section size, total arc length or angle, and any camber or sweep requirements. Our team can review your drawings and confirm feasibility before you finalize specs.

Send Us Your Drawings

Tolerances Reference

Fabrication Tolerances

Standard tolerances for beam rolling, angle rolling, tube bending, plate rolling, channel bending, induction bending, CNC plasma cutting, and pipe threading. Per-process tables with AISC, ASME, and AWS references.

View Tolerance Tables

Services Reference

Pacific Roll provides structural steel rolling, bending, and fabrication services across Southern California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Alaska. Click any service for full specifications, tolerances, and material capabilities.

Industry Reading

Trusted publications and associations for structural steel design, curved member specifications, and fabrication best practices. Worth bookmarking and sharing with your project team.

Trade Association

AISC — Modern Steel Construction

Free articles on structural steel design, curved members, and architecturally exposed structural steel (AESS). The most credible source to share with structural engineers and architects. Also publishes Design Guide 33 on curved member design.

aisc.org/modernsteel
Industry News

Engineering News-Record

Project spotlights, construction news, and features on notable steel structures. Regularly covers curved steel architecture, stadium projects, and complex fabrication. Great source for real-world project examples to share on LinkedIn.

enr.com
Technical Journal

Structure Magazine

Peer-reviewed technical articles written by and for structural engineers. Covers steel design, connection details, and fabrication considerations. Free to read online — ideal for sharing with engineers who want the technical depth behind curved steel specifications.

structuremag.org
LinkedIn Tip

When sharing an article from any of these sources, add 2–3 sentences of your own take — "We see this on jobs regularly — here's how we handle it at Pacific Roll..." — before the link. That turns a reshare into a thought leadership post and gets far more engagement than a plain link.

Ready to start your project?

Use a calculator above to spec your bend, then send us the results for a fast quote.